United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland facts, information, pictures. LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENTTOPOGRAPHYCLIMATEFLORA AND FAUNAENVIRONMENTPOPULATIONMIGRATIONETHNIC GROUPSLANGUAGESRELIGIONSTRANSPORTATIONHISTORYGOVERNMENTPOLITICAL PARTIESLOCAL GOVERNMENTJUDICIAL SYSTEMARMED FORCESINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONECONOMYINCOMELABORAGRICULTUREANIMAL HUSBANDRYFISHINGFORESTRYMININGENERGY AND POWERINDUSTRYSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYDOMESTIC TRADEFOREIGN TRADEBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBANKING AND SECURITIESINSURANCEPUBLIC FINANCETAXATIONCUSTOMS AND DUTIESFOREIGN INVESTMENTECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTHEALTHHOUSINGEDUCATIONLIBRARIES AND MUSEUMSMEDIAORGANIZATIONSTOURISM, TRAVEL, AND RECREATIONFAMOUS BRITONSDEPENDENCIESBIBLIOGRAPHYUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. CAPITAL: London. FLAG: The Union Jack, adopted in 1. England (St. George's flag: a red cross with extended horizontals on a white field), Scotland (St.
Andrew's flag: a white saltire cross on a blue field), and Ireland (St. Patrick's flag: a red saltire cross on a white field). The arms of the saltire crosses do not meet at the center. ANTHEM: God Save the Queen. MONETARY UNIT: The pound sterling (. Before decimal coinage was introduced on 1. February 1. 97. 1, the pound had been divided into 2. Under the new system, there are coins of 1, 2, 5, 1. Also observed in Scotland are bank holidays on 2 January and on the 1st Monday in August. Northern Ireland observes St. Patrick's Day, 1. March; and Orangeman's Day, 1. July, commemorating the Battle of the Boyne in 1. TIME: GMT. The United Kingdom is situated off the northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the n and nw and the North Sea on the e, separated from the Continent by the Strait of Dover and the English Channel, 3. We sell both scarce and decorative antiquarian books and first editions on all subjects. We offer a full money back guarantee and post out the next working day. A History of Colonial Virginia: The First Permanent Colony in America by William Broaddus Cridlin, Secretary of the Virginia Historical Pageant Assocaition. Irish Republic by the Irish Sea and St. Its total area of 2. Great Britain. Comparatively, the area occupied by the United Kingdom is slightly smaller than the state of Oregon. There are also several island groups and hundreds of small single islands, most of them administratively part of the mainland units. The United Kingdom extends about 9. A ray of hope for Afzal, other death-row prisoners December 17, 2012 Rajiv case outcome will settle fate of India’s 18 'dead men walking' August 31, 2011.Its total boundary length is 1. The Isle of Man, 5. Channel Islands, comprising Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark, with a combined area of 1. United Kingdom but are dependencies of the crown. The United Kingdom's capital city, London, is located in the southeast part of Great Britain. England is divided into the hill regions of the north, west, and southwest and the rolling downs and low plains of the east and southeast. Running from east to west on the extreme north Scottish border are the Cheviot Hills. The Pennine Range runs north and south from the Scottish border to Derbyshire in central England. The rest of the countryside consists mainly of rich agricultural lands, occasional moors, and plains. South of the Pennines lie the Midlands (East and West), a plains region with low, rolling hills and fertile valleys. The eastern coast is low- lying, much of it less than 5 m (1. Little of the south and east rises to higher than 3. The highest point in England is Scafell Pike (9. Lake District of the northwest. The longest of the rivers flowing from the central highlands to the sea are the Severn (about 3. Thames (about 3. 20 km/2. Other rivers include the Humber, the Tees, the Tyne, and the Tweed in the east, the Avon and Exe in the south, and the Mersey in the west. Scotland has three distinct topographical regions: the Northern Highlands, occupying almost the entire northern half of the country and containing the highest point in the British Isles, Ben Nevis (1,3. Loch Ness, site of a fabled . The Cambrian Mountains occupy almost the entire area and include Wales's highest point, Mt. Snowdon (1,0. 86 m/3,5. There are narrow coastal plains in the south and west and small lowland areas in the north, including the valley of the Dee. Northern Ireland consists mainly of low- lying plateaus and hills, generally about 1. The Mourne Mountains in the southeast include Slieve Donard (8. Northern Ireland. In a central depression lies Lough Neagh, the largest lake in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom's long and rugged coastline, heavily indented, has towering cliffs and headlands and numerous bays and inlets, among them the deep and narrow lochs and the wide firths of Scotland. Many river estuaries serve as fine harbors. Despite its northern latitude, the United Kingdom generally enjoys a temperate climate, warmed by the North Atlantic Drift, a continuation of the Gulf Stream, and by southwest winds. Mean monthly temperatures range (north to south) from 3. The mean annual temperature in the west near sea level ranges from 8. Rarely do temperatures rise in summer to over 3. Fairly even distribution of rain throughout the year, together with the prevalence of mists and fogs, results in scanty sunshine. Originally, oak forests probably covered the lowland, except for the fens and marsh areas, while pine forests and patches of moorland covered the higher or sandy ground. Over the centuries, much of the forest area, especially on the lowlands, was cleared for cultivation. Fairly extensive forests remain in east and north Scotland and in southeast England. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the most common trees in England. Pine and birch are most common in Scotland. Almost all the lowland outside the industrial centers is farmland, with a varied seminatural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Wild vegetation consists of the natural flora of woods, fens and marshes, cliffs, chalk downs, and mountain slopes, the most widespread being the heather, grasses, gorse, and bracken of the moorlands. There are over 1,6. The fauna is similar to that of northwestern continental Europe, although there are fewer species. Some of the larger mammals. Common smaller mammals are foxes, hares, hedgehogs, rabbits, weasels, stoats, shrews, rats, and mice; otters are found in many rivers, and seals frequently appear along the coast. There are at least 5. There are few reptiles and amphibians. Roughly 2. 30 species of birds reside in the United Kingdom, and another 2. Most numerous are the chaffinch, blackbird, sparrow, and starling. The number of large birds is declining, however, except for game birds. With the reclamation of the marshlands, waterfowl are moving to the many bird sanctuaries. The rivers and lakes abound in salmon, trout, perch, pike, roach, dace, and grayling. There are more than 2. Government officials and agencies with principal responsibility for environmental protection are the Department of the Environment, the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland, and the secretaries of state for Scotland and Wales. The National Trust (for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty), an organization of more than 1. England, Northern Ireland, and Wales. In addition, 1. 27 km (7. Scotland are protected under agreement with the National Trust of Scotland. Two countryside commissions, one for England and Wales and one for Scotland, are charged with conserving the beauty and amenities of rural areas. By 1. 98. 2, the former had designated 1. England and Wales. An additional 3. 6 areas of outstanding beauty have been designated, covering 1. Scotland has 4. 0 national scenic areas, with more than 9. Scottish lands under the commission's jurisdiction. Northern Ireland has eight designated areas of outstanding natural beauty, seven country parks, and one regional park. There are also seven forest parks in Great Britain and nine in Northern Ireland. England and Wales have 6. The Nature Conservancy Council manages 2. Great Britain and 4. Northern Ireland. Air pollution is a significant environmental concern for the United Kingdom. In 1. 99. 2 the nation had the world's eighth- highest level of industrial carbon dioxide emissions, which totaled 5. In 2. 00. 0, the total of carbon dioxide emissions was at 5. In addition, its sulphur contributes to the formation of acid rain in the surrounding countries of Western Europe. Air quality abatement has improved greatly in the United Kingdom as a result of the Control of Pollution Act of 1. London is no longer densely smog- ridden, and winter sunlight has been increasing in various industrial cities. Water pollution from agricultural sources is also a problem. The nation has 1. Pollution of the Thames has been reduced to one- quarter of its level in the 1. The Food and Environment Protection Act of 1. As of 2. 00. 3, 2. United Kingdom's total land area is protected, including 1. Ramsar wetland sites and 5 natural UNESCO World Heritage Sites. According to a 2. International Union for Conservation of Nature and. Natural Resources (IUCN), threatened species included 1. The European otter, Atlantic sturgeon, Atlantic ridley, Eskimo curlew, and Spengler's freshwater mussel are classified as endangered. The great auk has become extinct. The population of United Kingdom in 2. United Nations (UN) at 6. In 2. 00. 5, approximately 1. There were 9. 6 males for every 1. According to the UN, the annual population rate of change for 2. The projected population for the year 2. The overall population density was 2. England there were 3. Greater London. The UN estimated that 8. The capital city, London, had a population of 7,6. Other major metropolitan areas in England, with estimated populations, were Birmingham, 2,2. Manchester, 2,1. 93,0. Leeds, 1,4. 02,0. Liverpool, 9. 75,0. Other large English towns include Sheffield, 5. Bradford, 4. 78,8. Bristol, 4. 06,5. Coventry, 3. 00,8. The major cities in Scotland are Glasgow (1,0. Edinburgh (4. 60,0. Belfast, the major city in Northern Ireland, had a population of 2. Cardiff, in Wales, 3. From 1. 81. 5. Since 1. The net influx of some 3. Commonwealth) during 1. Effective 1 January 1. Those in the last category, consisting of an estimated 1. Asian minorities who chose to retain British passports when Malaysia and Britain's East African lands became independent, may not pass their British citizenship to their children without UK government approval. Immigration is now on a quota basis.
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